This Website is for medical students and residents who are starting to learn about the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation Lower limb multiple choice questions-2. It is not meant as a board review, but rather as a tool to support learning throughout training. The question and answer (Q&A) format can be utilized to teach the basics of the field and reinforce knowledge acquired.
Students are encouraged to use this format to learn in a consequence-free environment and to enhance understanding in the areas they find weaknesses.
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Lower limb multiple choice questions-2
The goal of this Website is not merely to get the correct answer and test knowledge, but to promote a greater understanding of this broad field of medicine. Optimal learning requires an appreciation of why the other choices are incorrect. Students are encouraged to read the answers and rationales for all of the questions to solidify and add to their understanding. If the student finds that he or she is missing questions in one particular area, further study in that area is encouraged.
We took the comments regarding the first edition very seriously. We hope that the answers are more comprehensive so that the reader’s knowledge is expanded. The breadth and depth of the field has expanded. Therefore, we have expanded explanations, added questions, and included new sections. We hope that this Website stimulates learning about this ever-evolving and expanding field. If it does, our patients are the ones who will ultimately benefit.
Lower limb multiple choice questions-2
Which is not a compartment of the lower leg?
A) Lateral compartment
B) Anterior compartment
C) Superficial posterior compartment
D) Medial compartment
Where are motor axons found?
A) Mainly in anterior (ventral) nerve roots
B) Mainly in posterior (dorsal) nerve roots
C) Dorsal root ganglion
D) Proximal nerve roots
Finger extensors (to digits 2–5) include all of the following except:
A) Extensor pollicis longus (EPL)
B) Extensor digitorum communis
C) Extensor indices (proprius)
D) Extensor digitiminimi
Components of the neuromuscular junction include all of the following except:
A) Motor nerve cell body
B) Presynaptic region
C) Synaptic cleft
D) Postsynaptic region
What nerve innervates the teres minor muscle?
A) Axillary nerve
B) Musculocutaneous nerve
C) Subscapular nerve
D) Suprascapular nerve
What structures pass through the carpal tunnel?
A) Median nerve, extensor pollicis longus (EPL), flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS), and
flexor digitorum profundis (FDP) tendons
B) Median nerve, abductor pollicis brevis (APB), FDS, and FDP tendons
C) Median nerve, flexor pollicis longus (FPL), FDS, and FDP tendons
D) Ulnar nerve, FPL, FDS, and FDP tendons
Which muscle functions to externally rotate the shoulder?
A) Latissumus dorsi
B) Subscapularis
C) Infraspinatus
D) Teres major
Which is not a hip flexor muscle?
A) Iliopsoas
B) Gracilis
C) Adductor magnus
D) Rectus femoris
Which is not an anterior bursa of the knee?
A) Prepatellar bursa
B) Pes anserine bursa
C) Deep infrapatellar bursa
D) Suprapatellar bursa
What forms the medial malleolus?
A) Talus and calcaneus
B) Distal tibia
C) Distal fibula
D) Cuneiform bones
The patellar tendon reflex assesses which nerve root?
A) L1
B) L4
C) L5
D) S1
Finger flexors (to digits 2–4) include all of the following except:
A) Dorsal and palmar interossei
B) Flexor digitorum superficialis (FDS)
C) Lumbricals
D) Palmaris longus (PL)
The basic functional element of the neuromuscular system is a motor unit, which consists of all
of the following except:
A) An anterior horn cell (motor nerve cell body)
B) The dorsal root ganglion
C) Peripheral nerve
D) Neuromuscular junction
What nerve innervates the supraspinatus muscle?
A) Dorsal scapular nerve
B) Suprascapular nerve
C) Lateral pectoral nerve
D) Axillary nerve
How many dorsal compartments are there in the hand?
A) 6
B) 5
C) 4
D) 3
Which muscle is the main flexor of the forearm?
A) Anconeus
B) Biceps brachii
C) Brachialis
D) Brachioradialis
Which is not a hip abductor?
A) Gluteus medius
B) Gluteus minimus
C) Long head of biceps femoris
D) Piriformis
What is located at the attachment of the tendons of the sartorius, gracilis, semitendinosus, and the medial collateral ligament?
A) Baker’s cyst
B) Pes anserine bursa
C) Posterior bursa
D) Deep infrapatellar bursa
What forms the lateral malleolus?
A) Distal tibia
B) Distal fibula
C) Talus
D) Navicular
The Achilles reflex assesses which nerve root?
A) L4
B) L5
C) S1
D) S3
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Lower limb multiple choice questions-2 (21 to 40 Questions and Answers)
👉21 D) The deep posterior, superficial posterior, lateral, and anterior compartment makes up the four compartments of the lower leg.
👉22 A) The anterior nerve roots contain mostly motor nerves, whereas posterior nerve roots are mainly sensory. The dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of sensory nerves.
👉23 A) All of the muscles are digit 2 to 5 extensors, except the EPL, which is a thumb extensor.
👉24 A) All of the answer choices except the motor nerve cell body are components of the neuromuscular junction. The motor nerve cell body gives rise to motor nerve axons.
👉25 A) The axillary nerve innervates the teres minor and the deltoid muscles.
👉26 C) The carpal tunnel contains the four tendons of FDS, four tendons of FDP, FPL tendon, and median nerve. The roof of the carpal tunnel is formed by the transverse carpal ligament; the floor is formed by the central carpal bones. The medial wall is formed by the hamate and the pisiform bones
👉27 C) The lateral wall is formed by the trapezius and scaphoid bones. The infraspinatus muscle’s proximal attachment is in the infraspinous fossa, while its distal attachment is at the greater tuberosity of the humerus. The primary action of the infraspinatus muscle is to externally rotate the arm as well as to provide stability to the rotator cuff.
👉28 C) The adductor magnus is a hip extensor. All of the other muscles are hip flexors.
👉29 B) The pes anserine bursa is a medial bursa. There are four anterior bursae: prepatellar, suprapatellar, deep infrapatellar, and superficial (subcutaneous infrapatellar)
👉30 B) The medial malleolus is the prominence on the inner side of the ankle, formed by the lower end of the tibia.
👉31 B) Striking the tendon just below the patella stretches the muscle spindle in the quadriceps femoris muscle. This produces a monosynaptic reflex arc back to the spinal cord and synapses at the level of L4 in the spinal cord. From there, an alphamotor neuron conducts an efferent impulse back to the quadriceps femoris muscle, triggering contraction resulting in knee extension.
👉32 D) The palmaris longus muscle is primarily a wrist fl exor. Although it is absent in about 14% of the population, its absence does not have any known effects on grip strength. All the other choices are finger flexors, including the flexor digitorum profundus (not listed).
👉33 B) The dorsal root ganglion contains cell bodies of the afferent spinal nerves responsible for relaying sensory information. A motor unit contains the following components from proximal to distal: anterior horn cell, motor nerve axons, peripheral nerve, the neuromuscular junction, muscle fibers.
👉34 B) The suprascapular nerve innervates the supraspinatus and infraspinatus muscles.
👉35 A) There are six compartments in the dorsum of the hand. The contents of each compartment are
as follows: I–extensor pollicis brevis, abductor pollicis longus; II–extensor carpi radialis brevis, extensor carpi radialis longus; III–extensor pollicis longus; IV–extensor digitorum; V–extensor digitiminimi; and VI–extensor carpiulnaris.
👉36 C) The main flexor of the forearm is the brachialis muscle. The anconeus is a relatively insignificant muscle that helps the triceps extend the forearm and it also resists ulnar abduction during pronation. The biceps brachii muscle is the major supinator of the forearm, while the brachioradialis is a forearm flexor (but not the main flexor).
👉37 C) The long head of the biceps femoris is a hip adductor. The gluteus medius and minimus muscles abduct the hip. The piriformis muscle abducts, externally rotates, and extends the hip.
👉38 B) Baker’s cyst is a distended bursa located between the medial head of the gastrocnemius and capsule extending under the semimembranosus. There is a second posterior bursa located between the lateral head of the gastrocnemius and the capsule. The deep infrapatellar bursa is located between the patellar tendon and the tibia.
👉39 B) The distal fi bula forms the lateral malleolus of the ankle and is joined to the tibia and to the talus.
👉40 C) The ankle jerk (Achilles reflex) occurs when the Achilles tendon is tapped when the foot is slightly dorsiflexed and produces plantar flexion.