This Website is for medical students and residents who are starting to learn about the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation Lower & upper limb mcqs–4. It is not meant as a board review, but rather as a tool to support learning throughout training. Anatomy question and answer (Q&A) format can be utilized to teach the basics of the field and reinforce knowledge acquired.
Students are encouraged to use this format to learn in a consequence-free environment and to enhance understanding in the areas they find weaknesses.
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Lower & upper limb MCQs -4
- Which one of the following is not a branch of the facial nerve (cranial nerve VII)?
A) Posterior auricular nerve
B) Temporal branches
C) Mandibular nerve
D) Marginal mandibular branch - What type of joint is the shoulder joint?
A) Hinge
B) Ball and socket
C) Suture
D) Saddle - What structures pass through Guyon’s canal (ulnar tunnel at the wrist)?
A) Ulnar nerve, extensor carpi ulnaris (ECU), adductor pollicis
B) Ulnar nerve, ulnar artery, ECU
C) Ulnar nerve, ulnar artery
D) Ulnar nerve, adductor pollicis, ulnar artery - What is the function of the iliofemoral ligament?
A) Limit extension, abduction, and external rotation of the hip
B) Limit extension, adduction, and internal rotation of the hip
C) Limit flexion, abduction, and external rotation of the hip
D) Limit flexion, adduction, and internal rotation of the hip - Which muscle is a knee flexor?
A) Rectus femoris
B) Vastus lateralis
C) Vastus medialis obliques
D) Biceps femoris - What is the function of the Lisfranc ligament?
A) Connects the distal tibia to the talus
B) Connects the second metatarsal head to the first cuneiform
C) Preserves the medial longitudinal arch of the foot
D) Acts as primary ankle stabilizer - What is the medical term for “knock-kneed”?
A) Genu varum
B) Genu valgum
C) Genu recurvatum
D) Genu anterium - The proximal row of carpal bones from a radial to ulnar direction include:
A) Scaphoid, lunate, trapezoid, pisiform
B) Trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, hamate
C) Scaphoid, lunate, triquetrum, pisiform
D) Trapezium, trapezoid, triquetrum, capitate - Which one of the following ligaments is not directly attached to the spinous processes?
A) Posterior longitudinal ligament
B) Ligamentum nuchae
C) Interspinous ligament
D) Supraspinous ligament - Which one of the following is not a branch of the trigeminal nerve?
A) Greater occipital nerve
B) Ophthalmic nerve
C) Maxillary nerve
D) Mandibular nerve - All of the following parts of the humerus are in direct contact with the indicated nerves except:
A) Surgical neck: axillary nerve
B) Radial groove: radial nerve
C) Distal end of humerus: musculocutaneous nerve
D) Medial epicondyle: ulnar nerve - How many total articulations make up the elbow joint?
A) 1
B) 2
C) 3
D) 4 - What is the normal range of motion for hip flexion in adults?
A) 0° to 150°
B) 10° to 140°
C) 0° to 100°
D) 0° to 120° - Which muscle is a knee extensor?
A) Gracilis
B) Semimembranosus
C) Vastus intermedius
D) Biceps femoris - What is the normal range of motion (ROM) for plantar flexion of the ankle?
A) 20°
B) 30°
C) 50°
D) 90° - Which of the following is true about the posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)?
A) Primary function is to restrain posterior tibial translation
B) Inserts on superior aspect of medial tibia
C) Tightens in extension
D) It attaches to the medial meniscus - Which bone articulates with the first metacarpal bone in the form of a saddle joint?
A) Trapezium
B) Trapezoid
C) Triquetrum
D) Scaphoid - The sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) involves postsynaptic sympathetic fibers arising from sympathetic trunks by different means, depending on their destination. Which one of the following is not part of the thoracolumbar sympathetic outflow?
A) Ciliary ganglion
B) Celiac ganglion
C) Aorticorenal ganglion
D) Superior and inferior mesenteric ganglia - Which Of the following ocular muscles and cranial nerve combinations, which one is incorrect?
A) Medial rectus-III
B) Lateral rectus-VI
C) Superior oblique-IV
D) Inferior oblique-IV - Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis are part of the:
A) Intermediate layer of the intrinsic back muscles
B) Superficial layer of the intrinsic back muscles
C) Deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles
D) The minor deep layer of the intrinsic back muscles - Which of the following is not a joint of the pelvic girdle?
A) Femoroacetabular (hip) joint
B) The pubic symphysis
C) Bilateral sacroiliac (SI) joints
D) Lumbosacral joint - Which nerve roots innervate the quadriceps?
A) L1, L2, L3
B) L2, L3, L4
C) L3, L4, L5
D) L4, L5, S1 - Which nerve innervates the flexor hallucis longus (FHL)?
A) Medial plantar nerve
B) Superficial peroneal nerve
C) Sural nerve
D) Tibial nerve - Which ligament can be mistaken for a tear of the posterior horn of the lateral meniscus on MRI?
A) Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)
B) Posterior cruciate ligament (PCL)
C) Arcuate popliteal ligament complex (APLC)
D) Oblique popliteal ligament (OPL) - Structures passing through the carpal tunnel into the hand include:
A) Five finger flexor tendons
B) The ulnar nerve
C) The median nerve
D) The radial nerve - The parasympathetic (craniosacral) division of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) involves presynaptic parasympathetic neuron cell bodies located within two sites of the central nervous
system (CNS). Which one of the following is not part of the cranial parasympathetic outflow?
A) Ciliary ganglion
B) Celiac ganglion
C) Pterygopalatine ganglion
D) Otic ganglion - An injury involving the center of the optic chiasm would result in:
A) Homonymous hemianopsia
B) Bitemporal hemianopsia
C) Cortical blindness
D) Monocular blindness
Lower & upper limb MCQs -4
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Lower & upper limb MCQs -4 – 61 to 87 Questions and Answers
👉61 C) The mandibular nerve is a branch of the trigeminal nerve—cranial nerve V.
👉62 B) The shoulder joint is a ball-and-socket type joint. An example of a hinge joint is the elbow.
Joints between bones of the skull are called sutures, and the base of the carpometacarpal joint of
the thumb is an example of a saddle joint.
👉63 C) Guyon’s canal is also known as the ulnar tunnel. The floor of Guyon’s canal is formed by the
transverse carpal ligament, the roof is the volar carpal ligament, and the medial and lateral walls
are formed by the pisiform and hook of hamate. The canal houses both the ulnar nerve and the
ulnar artery. Fractures or masses (eg, ganglion cyst) can compress the nerve or artery at this
location.
👉64 A) The iliofemoral ligament is the strongest ligament of the body and limits extension, abduction,
and external rotation of the hip.
👉65 D) The biceps femoris is part of the hamstring muscle group in the posterior thigh. The rest of the
muscles are knee extensors.
👉 66 B) The Lisfranc ligament connects the base of the medial cuneiform to the base of the second
metatarsal. It is injured or disrupted in a Lisfranc fracture.
👉67 B) Genu valgum is excessive valgum or “knock kneed.” Genu varum is “bow legged.”
Hyperextension or “back kneed” is genu recurvatum. Genu anterium is not a medical defi nition.
👉68 C) The proximal row of carpal bones (from a radial to ulnar direction) include the scaphoid,
lunate, triquetrum, and pisiform. The distal row of carpal bones (from a radial to ulnar direction)
include the trapezium, trapezoid, capitate, and hamate. A common acronym to remember these
bones is “Some Lovers Try Positions That They Cannot Handle.”
👉69 A) The posterior longitudinal ligament attaches to the posterior rim of vertebral bodies and disk
from C2 to the sacrum.
👉70 A) The lesser and the greater occipital nerves arise from C2 and C3, respectively. The rest of the
choices are the three main branches of the trigeminal nerve.
👉71 C) The distal end of humerus is in direct contact with the median nerve.
👉72 C) The elbow joint is comprised of three articulations: ulnohumeral, radiocapitellar, and proximal radioulnar.
👉73 D) 0° to 120°
👉74 C) The gracilis, semimembranosus, and biceps femoris are all knee flexors.
👉75 C) Normal ROM for the ankle is 50° of plantar flexion and 20° of dorsiflexion.
👉76 A) The PCL primarily restrains posterior tibial translation. It originates from the medial femoral condyle and inserts on the posterior aspect of tibial plateau. It loosens with extension and
becomes tighter with fl exion.
👉77 A) Synovial joints come in multiple types. Ball-and-socket joints (eg, hip joint [multiaxial], provide the most range of motion [ROM]). The saddle joint is a biaxial joint that provides the second
most ROM. Other types of synovial joints include the hinge (elbow-uniaxial), pivot (atlantoaxial joint-uniaxial), condyloid joints (metacarpophalangeal joints-biaxial), and plain joints
(acromioclavicular).
👉78 A) The ciliary ganglion is part of the parasympathetic (craniosacral) division of the ANS.
👉79 D) The superior oblique muscle is innervated by cranial nerve IV. The lateral rectus is innervated
by cranial nerve VI. The rest of the ocular muscles, including the inferior oblique, are innervated
by cranial nerve III.
👉80 B) Splenius capitis and splenius cervicis are part of the superfi cial layer of the intrinsic back
muscles.
👉81 D) The pelvic girdle includes the hip joint, the pubic symphysis, the sacrum, and the sacroiliac
joints.
👉82 B) The femoral nerve receives innervation from the L2, L3, and L4 nerve roots. The femoral nerve
innervates the four heads of the quadriceps muscle as well as supplies sensation to the medial
surface of the thigh.
👉83 D) The tibial nerve innervates the FHL.
👉84 C) The APLC provides attachment for the posterior lateral meniscus, and this site can be mistaken for a posterior tear of the lateral meniscus.
👉85 C) There are nine finger flexor tendons that pass into the hand through the carpal tunnel (along
with the median nerve). Five of the nine tendons are deep-fl exor tendons and the other four are
superficial flexors. The ulnar and radial nerves do not travel through the carpal tunnel.
👉86 B) The celiac ganglion is part of the sympathetic (thoracolumbar) division of the ANS. The cranial
parasympathetic outflow is via cranial nerves III, VII, and IX involving ciliary, pterygopalatine, otic, and submandibular ganglia. Cranial nerve X provides parasympathetic outflow to multiple
visceral organs (heart, lungs, upper gastrointestinal system). Additionally, sacral parasympathetic outflow supplies the lower gastrointestinal and genitourinary system via pelvic splanchnic
nerves arising from S2, S3, and S4 segments.
👉87 B) Homonymous hemianopsia would result from injury to the optic tract. Cortical blindness results from bilateral lesions of the primary visual cortex, as seen in Anton’s syndrome.
Monocular blindness would be a result of injury to the optic nerve.
Lower & upper limb MCQs -4